UK.Jobs.Universities.Hotels: April 2011

NFL

The recently introduced regular season games played in the UK as part of the NFL International series is not the first time that pro football from across the Atlantic has touched down on these shores. During the 1980’s American Football enjoyed unprecedented levels of success within the United Kingdom, largely thanks to the television station Channel 4. They became the first channel to broadcast NFL games on terrestrial television shortly after launching in 1982, giving British sports fans the opportunity to witness the excitement that American Football had to offer.

As a result, the popularity of American Football in the UK and Ireland enjoyed huge growth throughout the decade, with many supporters adopting teams from the NFL to follow on TV each week. Due to the success of teams like the San Francisco 49ers and Washington Redskins during the decade, many British fans still follow these teams now as a result of the early TV coverage of the sport.As the popularity of the sport continued to grow, the NFL introduced the American Bowl series in 1986. The American Bowl involved a number of NFL teams playing a pre season game played outside of the USA for the first time, allowing, fans from new markets for the sport to enjoy the live game day experience.

Countries who hosted American Bowl games included the United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan, Germany and Spain.The last American Bowl game played in Europe was in 1997 when the Pittsburgh Steelers took on the Chicago Bears at Croke Park in Dublin. A total of nine American Bowl games took place between 1986 and 1997 in the UK and Ireland involving 14 NFL Franchises.

English

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th century, it has been widely dispersed around the world, become the leading language of international discourse, and has acquired use as lingua franca in many regions.It is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organizations. It is the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.

Historically, English originated from the fusion of languages and dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers by the 5th century – with the word English being derived from the name of the Angles.A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin, because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life. The language was further influenced by the Old Norse language due to Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman-French, and vocabulary and spelling conventions began to give the superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance languages to what had now become Middle English.

The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th century is one of the historical events that mark the emergence of Modern English from Middle English.Owing to the significant assimilation of various European languages throughout history, modern English contains a very large vocabulary. The Oxford English Dictionary lists over 250,000 distinct words, not including many technical or slang terms, or words that belong to multiple word classes.

Salary UK

Before you agree to a job offer you should know that in United Kingdom there is a minimum salary which should be paid, that depends on your age. (doesn’t apply if you are doing voluntary work though…)

For example if your age is between 16 and 17 the minimum salary for you is £3.40 per hour. If you are the age of a student which is 18-21 you have to be payed at least £4.60 per hour, and finally if you are over 22 your minimum should be £5.52 per hour.In some companies that provide accommodation the minimum wage can be smaller, this is called accommodation offset.

Regarding the maximum salary you would like to ask. The sky is the limit but to be more realistic here are some annual salary medians for different positions in London:

Personal assistant – £26.352
Software engineer, developer – £31.500
IT consultant – £39.515
IT project manager – £45.000

Jobs UK

The kick-off step to your job search is developing a concise and correct CV, which briefly describes your profile and experience to your employer, while also not missing out on anything that is essential. A CV with errors or typos can lead to its rejection, even though you may be qualified for a position applied for.

The following are a few tips on how to prepare a CV that earns you a job interview call. When you start compiling your CV, it is highly recommended that you collect all your personal, academic and professional documents and keep them within an arm’s length. This will help you to confirm all the important data and figures by consulting them whenever you need, and you would be able to exhibit accurate information.An important factor is not just to update your old CV while applying for a new position, especially if it has been a while that you hunted for a job. Rather you should tailor your CV to the requirements of the position you are applying for. Also, you should state a broad career objective, which should not be self-centred and must be in coherence with the position you are applying for.A concise summary of your professional career should be presented in the chronological order, that is, by mentioning the most recent organization and the position held at the top. You should honestly and correctly mention the period during which you worked for your past organizations, as any misinformation may get exposed. However, it is important to fill the gaps that you may have experienced between jobs. There is nothing wrong with them, since they are a common case during this time of recession, but mentioning how you utilized the time in developing a skill related to your work, for example, can be of use.Your CV should be achievement oriented. You should include all the essential achievements that you have made that are relevant to the job applied for.

Mentioning your relevant skills is also very important. Likewise, leaving out all the irrelevant detail from your CV is as much important as it will help make your CV to the point and concise.An important fact is not to mention unnecessary personal information that can potentially set you up in a position of bias. Although it is both unethical and illegal for employers to either select or reject on the basis of bias, but still it is not advisable to mention particulars like race, religion, age or hobbies. This is also true because such factors also have very little to do with the work you have to perform.Most of the HR managers out-rightly reject CVs with even the slightest of errors related to spelling, grammar and formatting. Consistency errors in formatting can be as damaging. Always proofread your CV and ask a couple or more of your friends to read the CV for you. A lot of errors will be screened out during this process.Therefore, being concise, correct, while also being highly effective in communicating what you want and what the employer look for in you is the recipe for developing a successful CV.

Carfiff

Cardiff is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. According to recent estimates, the population of the unitary authority area is 336,200, while the wider metropolitan area has a population of over 1.4 million, almost half of the total Welsh population. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 14.6 million visitors in 2009.

The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys, Penarth and Radyr. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.Cardiff was made a city in 1905, and proclaimed capital of Wales in 1955. Since the 1990s Cardiff has seen significant development with a new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay which contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly and the Wales Millennium Centre arts complex. Current developments include the continuation of the redevelopment of the Cardiff Bay and City Centre areas with projects such as the International Sports Village, a BBC drama village, and a new business district in the city centre. Cardiff is the largest media centre in the U.K. outside of London.

Sporting venues in the city of Cardiff include the Millennium Stadium (the national stadium for the Wales national rugby union team and the Wales national football team), SWALEC Stadium (the home of Glamorgan County Cricket Club), Cardiff City Stadium (the home of Cardiff City football team and Cardiff Blues rugby union team), Cardiff International Sports Stadium (the home of Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club) and Cardiff Arms Park (the home of Cardiff Rugby Club). The city is also HQ of the Wales Rally GB and was awarded with the European City Of Sport in 2009 due to its role in hosting major international sporting events.

Belfast

Belfast is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland, as well as the second largest city on the island of Ireland. It is the seat of devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly.The city forms part of the largest urban area in Northern Ireland, and the main settlement in the province of Ulster.

The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 483,418. The Larger Urban Zone, as defined by the European Union, has a total population 641,638. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.

Historically, Belfast has been a centre for the Irish linen industry (earning the nickname "Linenopolis"), tobacco production, rope-making and shipbuilding: the city's main shipbuilders, Harland and Wolff, which built the ill-fated RMS Titanic, propelled Belfast on to the global stage in the early 20th century as the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, establishing its place as a global industrial centre until the latter half of the 20th century.Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast, if briefly, the largest city in Ireland at the turn of the 20th century and the city's industrial and economic success was cited by Ulster unionist opponents of Home Rule as a reason why Ireland should shun devolution and later why Ulster in particular would fight to resist it.Today, Belfast remains a centre for industry, as well as the arts, higher education and business, a legal centre, and is the economic engine of Northern Ireland. The city suffered greatly during the period of disruption, conflict, and destruction called the Troubles, but latterly has undergone a sustained period of calm, free from the intense political violence of former years, and substantial economic and commercial growth.

Belfast city centre has undergone considerable expansion and regeneration in recent years, notably around Victoria Square. Belfast is served by two airports: George Best Belfast City Airport in the city, and Belfast International Airport 15 miles (24 km) west of the city. Belfast is also a major seaport, with commercial and industrial docks dominating the Belfast Lough shoreline, including the famous Harland and Wolff shipyard. Belfast is a constituent city of the Dublin-Belfast corridor, which has a population of three million, or half the total population of the island of Ireland.

Edinburgh

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30-square-mile (78 km²) rural area.Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.

Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Parliament. The city was one of the major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, earning it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2009 mid year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 477,660.The city is well-known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, a collection of official and independent festivals held annually over about four weeks from early August. The number of visitors attracted to Edinburgh for the Festival is roughly equal to the settled population of the city.

The most famous of these events are the Edinburgh Fringe (the largest performing arts festival in the world), the Edinburgh International Festival, the Edinburgh Military Tattoo, and the Edinburgh International Book Festival. Other events include the Hogmanay street party, Burns Night and the Beltane Fire Festival. Edinburgh attracts 1 million overseas visitors a year, making it the second most visited tourist destination in the United Kingdom, after London.

London

London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 17th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's largest financial centre alongside New York, has the largest city GDP in Europe and is home to the headquarters of more than 100 of Europe's 500 largest companies. It has the most international visitors of any city in the world. London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutions in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the Summer Olympics three times. London has a diverse range of peoples, cultures and religions, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries. In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union. The Greater London Urban Area is the second largest in the EU with a population of 8,278,251, while London's metropolitan area is the largest in the EU with an estimated total population of between 12 millionand 14 million. London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory marks the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and GMT).

Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, 30 St Mary Axe ("The Gherkin"), St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge and Trafalgar Square. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions including the British Museum, National Gallery, British Library, Wimbledon and 40 theatres. London's Chinatown is the largest in Europe. The London Underground network is the oldest underground railway network in the world and the most extensive after the Shanghai Metro.

Northen Ireland Universities

Universities in Northern Ireland offer best possible education to their students. The Northern Ireland Executive's Department of Education (DE) is responsible for Northern Ireland education policy except for the higher education In Northern Ireland and further education sector.

The Department for Employment and Learning (DEL) is responsible for higher education in Northern Ireland. Universities in Northern Ireland offer courses as full-time or part-time courses; vocational courses; recreational or degree level courses.

Some best universities in Northern Ireland also provide funds for students who are unable to arrange for funds to pursue education. Queen's University Belfast and The University of Ulster are Universities in Northern Ireland which areapproved for the purposes of the Fund.

Courses offered in these universities in Northern Ireland that fall into any of the following categories are approved courses under the Fund for Students with Disabilities.

Courses offered by these Northern Ireland Universities are:

Full-time Honours Bachelor Degree entered into on the basis of progression from an Ordinary Bachelor Degree or National Diploma
Full-time Honours Bachelor Degree entered into on the basis of progression from an Ordinary Bachelor Degree or National Diploma
Full-time undergraduate courses of a minimum duration of two years

List of Northern Ireland UniversitiesGiven below is the list of Northern Ireland Universities. We hope this list of universities in Northern Ireland will be a great help for you.

Belfast Institute of Further and Higher Education
Castlereagh College of Further Education
Green Mount College of Agriculture and Horticulture
Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre
Queen's University
St. Mary's University College
Stranmillis College
Upper Bann Institute
Universities in Antrim
Universities in Armagh
Universities in Down
Universities in Fermanagh

Scotland Universites

There are fifteen higher education institutions in Scotland which have university status, out of a total of 115 such institutions within the United Kingdom.There are also a further four autonomous higher education institutions which do not have university status.University status in the United Kingdom is conferred by the Privy Council, which takes advice from the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education.

In Scotland, the minister with higher education responsibilities is the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning of the Scottish Government.Scottish universities are funded by the Scottish Government, through a non-departmental public body, the Scottish Funding Council,while support funding for students is provided by the Student Awards Agency for Scotland. In 2008, over 240,000 students were enrolled at Scottish universities.Universities Scotland is the representative body which works to promote Scotland's universities, as well as six other higher education institutions.The oldest university in Scotland is the University of St Andrews, established in 1413, with the universities of Glasgow and Aberdeen also dating back to the 15th century. These "ancient universities" were established by papal bulls, but in the 16th century royal charter became the standard method of foundation. The first of these established the University of Edinburgh, which became Scotland's fourth university at a time when her more populous neighbour, England, had only two.

The number of universities doubled during the 1960s, with three existing colleges gaining university status, and the University of Stirling being established as Scotland's only "plate glass university". Several former polytechnics or central institutions followed in the 1990s, after the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. The newest is the University of the Highlands and Islands, which attained university status in 2011. Besides the campus-based universities, the distance-learning Open University plays a role in the Scottish university sector, teaching 40% of Scotland's part-time undergraduates.

Flag of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses as its national flag the royal banner known as the Union Flag or, popularly, Union Jack. The current design of the Union Flag dates from the union of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland). Wales, however, is not represented in the Union Flag by Wales' patron saint, Saint David.
Its correct proportions are 1:2. However, the version officially used by the British Army modifies the proportions to 3:5, and additionally two of the red diagonals are cropped.

Wales

Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has apopulation of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km² (8,023 sq mi).Wales has over 1,200 km (746 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Generally mountainous, its highest mountains are in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest peak.

During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as king of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century.

Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (The Welsh Language Society) in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.

Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.The Kingdom of Scotland was an independent sovereign state until 1707, although it had been in a personal union with the kingdoms of England and Ireland since James VI of Scotland succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. On 1 May 1707, Scotland entered into an incorporating political union with England to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain.This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite widespread protest across Scotland. Scotland's legal system continues to be separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, and Scotland still constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in public and in private law.

The continued existence of legal, educational and religious institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the Union.Although Scotland is no longer a separate sovereign state, issues surrounding devolution and independence continue to be debated. After the creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, the first pro-independence Scottish Government was elected in 2007 when the Scottish National Party formed a minority administration.

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations.^[ The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures.England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.

The Kingdom of England—which after 1284 included Wales—was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain.In 1800, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act in 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom.Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.

Northern Ireland consists of six of the nine counties of the Irish province of Ulster. It was created as a distinct division of the United Kingdom on 3 May 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, though its constitutional roots lie in the 1800 Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland. For over 50 years it had its own devolved government and parliament. These institutions were suspended in 1972 and abolished in 1973. Repeated attempts to restore self-government finally resulted in the establishment in 1998 of the present-day Northern Ireland Executive and Northern Ireland Assembly. The Assembly operates on consociational democracy principles requiring cross-community support.

Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict—the Troubles—which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom,^[while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule. Since the signing of the "Good Friday Agreement" in 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.

Due to its unique history, the issue of the symbolism, name and description of Northern Ireland is complex, as is the issue of citizenship and identity. In general, Unionists consider themselves British and Nationalists see themselves as Irish, though these identities are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

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